They invented manuals which described how to build the temples. Rituals were imbibed in the Temple Architecture. Scientific reasoning was given for all. And were reserved for upper class. Revival of Arya concepts as a new civic culture.
Constructed using sandstone, granite, and brick, Gupta-era temples added to this architectural heritage with horseshoe gavakshas arches and distinctive curved shikhara towers which are frequently topped with a ribbed disk ornamentation known as an amalaka,t he crown.
These elaborate buildings are further decorated with a mass of ornate mouldings and sculptures set in niches. In Gupta architecture, the square was considered the most perfect form and temples were designed to be appreciated from all sides so that each carries decorative architectural features. Most temples also adopt a square plan with the single cubicle garbhagriha in the centre. This is normally entered by a short columned porch set over a single, highly decorated doorway with a projecting lintel.
Evolution of Temple Architecture in India during Gupta Period: During the Gupta period, a firm foundation of temple architecture was laid when the basic elements of the Indian temple consisting of a square sanctum and pillared porch emerged.
The evolved Gupta temple also had a covered processional path for circumambulation Pradakshana Path that formed a part of the worship-ritual. Earlier temples of the period had a monolithic flat slab roof. Later temples in brick and stone developed a Shikhara The gradual evolution of the Gupta style is traceable through development of the plan and the ornamentation on the pillars and doorframe.
The deities consecrated in the sanctum were carved strictly according to religious canons and installed by performing a special consecration ceremony. Temple sculptures were not necessarily religious. Many drew on secular subject matters and decorative motifs. The scenes of everyday life consist of military processions, royal court scenes, musicians, dancers, acrobats and amorous couples. The wall is in reality a Pre style of massive stone posts between which the latticed slabs have been placed like screens.
And therefore probably it is named Durg or a fortress rather than dedicated to Goddess Durga. Uncertainty of positioning the elements. The temple is built on a high plinth of five fully evolved mouldings.
Removing Your Footwear before Entering Temple 9. This bell sound is also absorbed by the idol and vibrated within the Garbhagudi for a certain period of time. The water used for theertham usually would contain Thulasi leaves dipped in water and must be stored at least for eight hours in the copper vessel.
This also facilitates the blood supply to the face muscles. Shiva with Nandi is one of the oldest forms of Hindu representation - dating before BC.
It is based on the grid systems of 64 8x8 and 81 9x9 squares. Vastu-purusa mandala Garbhagriha 2. Enclosing wall 6. Pradhikshana path. Artha Mandapa. These architectural motifs have much deeper meaning. In one concept it was the derivation from the peaked or domed huts. Temple developed form stupa-elongated form of the dome. Temple is referred as ratha or car. Their architecture was dedicated to building stone temples for the various gods. Their architecture marked the beginning in the creation of stone structures.
They built the first free standing structural temples. They made structures called Stupas, this form of architecture made its way to china, where it was altered slightly and renamed the Pagoda.
They invented manuals which described how to build the temples. Rituals were imbibed in the Temple Architecture. Scientific reasoning was given for all. And were reserved for upper class. Revival of Arya concepts as a new civic culture. The Gupta style was influenced by Kusana, Mathura, and Gandhara and borrowed the common features of T-shaped doorways, decorated door jambs, sculpted panels with high-relief figures, and laurel-wreath and acanthus motifs.
Constructed using sandstone, granite, and brick, Gupta-era temples added to this architectural heritage with horseshoe gavakshas arches and distinctive curved shikhara towers which are frequently topped with a ribbed disk ornamentation known as an amalaka,t he crown. These elaborate buildings are further decorated with a mass of ornate mouldings and sculptures set in niches.
In Gupta architecture, the square was considered the most perfect form and temples were designed to be appreciated from all sides so that each carries decorative architectural features.
Most temples also adopt a square plan with the single cubicle garbhagriha in the centre. This is normally entered by a short columned porch set over a single, highly decorated doorway with a projecting lintel. Columns can support a pot-and-foliage capital, and roofs were generally flat, as in surviving examples at Tigawa and Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh. Other typical Gupta decorative features include triangle motifs inside doorways and lion's heads at the ends of stone beams.
Evolution of Temple Architecture in India during Gupta Period: During the Gupta period, a firm foundation of temple architecture was laid when the basic elements of the Indian temple consisting of a square sanctum and pillared porch emerged. The evolved Gupta temple also had a covered processional path for circumambulation Pradakshana Path that formed a part of the worship-ritual.
Earlier temples of the period had a monolithic flat slab roof. Later temples in brick and stone developed a Shikhara The gradual evolution of the Gupta style is traceable through development of the plan and the ornamentation on the pillars and doorframe.
The deities consecrated in the sanctum were carved strictly according to religious canons and installed by performing a special consecration ceremony. Temple sculptures were not necessarily religious. Many drew on secular subject matters and decorative motifs. Category: Documents 14 download. Tags: indian temples hindu temples ancient temples comparative study of built temples case study architecture early temples jain temples. Understanding the role of each elements of temple.
That is really architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright Architecture is the matrix of civilization.. Lethaby A study of history of architecture shows that the meaning of architecture and its relation to human experiences have been expressed in number of ways in the past. In India the temples are found everywhere varying from small villages to the metropolitan cities. The word temple is derived from the Latin word templum means a sacred precinct. According to the definition temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites.
Traditionally, the temple is a sacred structure and also an indicative of abode of god or gods. However the Indian temples are not only the abode of God and place of worship, but they are also the cradle of knowledge, art, architecture and culture. The practices and traditions of temples exist not only in history but also in present time which greatly influence the socio- cultural life of its people and gives continuity to traditional Indian values.
However, unlike the western architecture, the evolution of Indian temple architecture is marked by a strict adherence to the original ancient models that were derived from religious consideration- and that continued over many centuries with the use of the basic proportion and rigid forms of the early temples. Aim: This dissertation aims to present a comparative study of temples from different time periods from the northern and the southern styles respectively.
Therefore the objective of the dissertation is as follows- Objectives: 1. To present a study of the concept of a Hindu temple, its evolution, development of its architectural styles along with the main focus on Nagara or north indian style and Dravidian or the south indian style. To Identify and synthesize the geometry of Hindu temple architecture with examples from ancient temples. It looks into aspects of their origin and development, the philosophy which created them and the way in which this philosophy can be interpreted for better understanding of the structure itself and the time and society that created them.
However in this study the root of the Hindu temples i. Also, since the Jain temples Building Science of Indian Temple Architecture Erasmus Mundus Programme are not fundamentally different from the Hindu temple architecture in that they differ in the iconography rather than form and style, it has also not been included in the scope of the present study.
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