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Popular in Switch. Sha Rocky. Sharizal Shafei. Quyet Thang Tran. Industrial automation means automatically control of industrial appliances which save money, time also reduce human efforts.
Systems and methods are provided that receive statements or other unit of data interaction from an automation device, provide the statements to an appropriate system or service for processing, and optionally return a response such as a result set. In this paper brief study about the automation, level of automation, Industrial automation and types of industrial automation etc.
Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience.
Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation.
Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Automation is the conversion of a work process, a procedure, or equipment to automatic rather than human operation or control. Automation does not simply transfer human functions to machines, but involves a deep reorganization of the work process, during which both the human and the machine functions are redefined. Early automation relied on mechanical and electromechanical control devices; during the last 40 years, however, the computer gradually became the leading vehicle of automation.
Modern automation is usually associated with computerization. Specialization of operations 2. Combined operations 3. Simultaneous operations 4. Increased flexibility 6. Improved material handling and storage 7. On-line inspection 8. Process control and optimization 9. Plant operations control Computer-integrated manufacturing CIM 1.
One normally associates automation with the individual production machines. However, the production machine itself is made up of subsystems that may themselves be automated. We can identify five possible levels of automation in a production plant. Device level: This is the lowest level in our automation hierarchy. It includes the actuators, sensors, and other hardware components that comprise the machine level.
The devices are combined into the individual control loops of the machine; for example, the feedback control loops for one axis of a CNC machine or one joint of an industrial robot. Machine Level: Hardware at the device level is assembled into individual machines. Examples include CNC machine tools and similar production equipment, industrial robots, powered conveyors, and automated guided vehicles. Control functions at this level include performing the sequence of steps in the program of instructions in the correct order and making sure that each step is properly executed.
Cell or system level: This is the manufacturing cell or system level, which operates under instructions from the plant level. A manufacturing cell or system is a group of machines or workstations connected and supported by a material handling system, computer. Production lines are included in this level. Functions include part dispatching and machine loading.
Coordination among machines and material handling system, and collecting and evaluating inspection data. Plant level: This is the factory or production systems level.
It receives instructions from the corporate information system and translates them into operational plans for production. Likely functions include: order processing, process planning, inventory control, purchasing, material requirements planning, shop floor control, and quality control. Enterprise level: This is the highest level consisting of the corporate information system. It is concerned with all of the functions necessary to manage the company: marketing and sales, accounting, design, research, aggregate planning, and master production scheduling.
Automation integration to the industries results intelligent manufacturing solutions at improved product quality and productivity with reduced downtime and wastes. This type automation is most popularly used in automotive, computer and electronics, medical, telecommunication, consumer goods and other industrial applications.
The automation systems can be a fixed, programmed, flexible and integrated systems. These CNC machines are used in cutting and milling applications for high accuracy and accurate precision operation. Computer numerical control CNC is the automation of machine tools by means of computers executing pre-programmed sequences of machine control commands. This is in contrast to machines that are manually controlled by hand wheels or levers, or mechanically automated by cams alone. Figure: 3 CNC machine System 4.
These automation systems also make use of computers to plan, design and layout the various products. Robots are capable of performing a wide variety of tasks and are an integral part of automated manufacturing systems.
Industrial robots consist of a number of rigid links connected by mechanical joints. The link assembly, or robot arm, is mounted onto a base and a controller runs the entire system. The complete motion of the end effectors is accomplished through a series of motions and positions of the links, joints, and wrist. The axes of movement that a robot has are referred to as degrees of freedom. These are mostly implemented in the areas that are highly dangerous or hazardous for humans.
Figure:4 Industrial robot 1. Performing dangerous tasks: Robots perform tasks in unsafe environments, such as cleaning up hazardous waste. They reduce the risk of injury in the manufacturing industry, such as welding car bodies. Performing repetitive tasks: Robots are able to repeat their actions accurately. They never become tired and can complete jobs requiring extreme precision. Robots will always perform their task in exactly the same way, such as drilling a hole in the same position.
Operating in remote locations: Robots are able to complete tasks in locations difficult for people to access, such as at the bottom of the ocean or in outer space. Robots are used to manufacture integrated circuits. The tiny components on a silicon chip require very precise placement that is difficult for humans.
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